Nowadays there're many ways of using ICT...
Communication Application:
- Communicating using ICT;
There're 2 different types of communication where ICT can help is share information or ideas:
1. Personal Communication: When you're using for a personal purpose.(family, friends or yourself)
2. Business Communication: When you're using it for a business purpose
- Paper-Based Communication;
This type of communication involves producing hard copy's (prinout) of documents; by creating documents, this is called Desktop Publishing (DTP).
Advantages:
- Document can be brought to people who are disable.
- It can be print in "Braille" for bling people.
- The document can be carried anywhere, anytime. It's portable
Disadvantages
- Consumes money and time, just to distribute the document.
- Not possible to add excitement effects in the printed document.
- Printing in colour is very expensive.
For example:
- Newsletter
- Poster
- Flyer
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Digital Communication
- This type of communication requires a computer and a screen, in order to present the information.
- Digital communication process like:
- Creating document/files
- Then "Display" them via a computer and a screen.
- Cheaper ; no printing involve
- Excitement can be added
- Easier to update the content within
- Communication can be interactive(Comments etc.)
- Often requires exspensive Software
- Some software are difficult to use; may need to hire an expert
- The more complex the document is, the more time needed to build it
For example:
- Websites
- Multimedia Presentation
- Music stores
- Cartoons
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Interactive Communication
This type of communication is where people can respond to the information that are present.
*Before you've gone any further here's a recap*
The difference between ' Web 1.0' and 'Web 2.0'
Web 2,0 , there're the mordern type; such as blogs and wikies and socail Networking sites. Users are able to interact with the website; while Web 1.0 are read only.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Turtle graphic (I have attached some q below)
Answer:
Question 1:
PEN DOWN
LEFT 90
FORWARD 30
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 50
RIGHT 90
PEN UP
FORWARD 10
PEN DOWN
FORWARD 60
PEN UP
FORWARD 10
PEN DOWN
FORWARD 30
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 50
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 60
Question 2:
PEN DOWN
LEFT 90
FORWARD 35
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 80
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 180
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 70
PEN UP
FORWARD 10
PEN DOWN
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 80
Question 3:
PEN DOWN
LEFT 90
REPEAT 8
FORWARD 60
RIGHT 45
END REPEAT
Question 4:
PEN DOWN
LEFT 90
REPEAT 6
FORWARD 50
RIGHT 60
END REPEAT
Instruction 1 – PEN UP
This will lifts the pen off the page so that a line will not be drawn when the turtle moves forward
Instruction 2 –FORWARD (n)
This instruction will move the turtle forward by a certain number of steps. (e.g. FORWARD 85)
Instruction 3 – RIGHT (n)
This instruction will turns the turtle right by a specific number of degrees (e.g. RIGHT 90)
Control Devices
In order for the computer to work, they'll need to use a control device. There are assorted types of control devices, each has its own job. The following devices has control device within it.
- Security Lights
- Burglar Alarms
- Central heating Controllers
- Computer Controlled Greenhouses
- Automatic cookers
- AutomaticWashing Machines
Each of them works like:
1. Input: Sensor take in data from the environment around them and sends this to a computer.
2. Process: Computer looks at the data and instructs application on what action to take.
3. Output: Application would respond to computer's instruction .
For instance in a Computer Controlled Greenhouses it has:
1. Control device:
Input:Heat sensor, takes in the value of heat within the atmosphere.
Process:Computer checks data whether the hear is too high/low.
Output:If the temperature is too high, the heating will stop, if the temperature is too low, the heating will be turn on.
2.
Input:Light sensor, detect the brightness of the area.
Process::Computer checks data whether the area is lighted or too dark.
Output:If the area is dark, the light will turn on if the area is well lit, the light will then turn off.
3.
Input: Humidity Sensor, it detects the humidity in the atmosphere.
Process:Computer checks data whether the area is dry or humid.
Output:If the area is dry, the sprinklers will turn on if the area is humid, the sprinklers will then turn off.
4.
Input:temperature sensor, takes in the value of temperature
Process:Computer checks data whether the temperature is too high/low.
Output:If the temperature is too high, the the vent will open, if the temperature is too low, the vent will kept close.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
For instance in a Computer Controlled Greenhouses it has:
1. Control device:
Input:Heat sensor, takes in the value of heat within the atmosphere.
Process:Computer checks data whether the hear is too high/low.
Output:If the temperature is too high, the heating will stop, if the temperature is too low, the heating will be turn on.
2.
Input:Light sensor, detect the brightness of the area.
Process::Computer checks data whether the area is lighted or too dark.
Output:If the area is dark, the light will turn on if the area is well lit, the light will then turn off.
3.
Input: Humidity Sensor, it detects the humidity in the atmosphere.
Process:Computer checks data whether the area is dry or humid.
Output:If the area is dry, the sprinklers will turn on if the area is humid, the sprinklers will then turn off.
4.
Input:temperature sensor, takes in the value of temperature
Process:Computer checks data whether the temperature is too high/low.
Output:If the temperature is too high, the the vent will open, if the temperature is too low, the vent will kept close.
The reason we use a computer to control device rather than having human doing them...
- Firstly, the readings are far more accurate than having a person doing it. Due to the fact that human often make errors, it's natural.
- Secondly, the speed. Computer will respond to data received from sensor, very quickly. Unlike human which their responds often delayed.
- Higher Work rate, computer are capable of control the application all day, 24/7. Since they do not need to rest or eat.
- Cheaper, yes it's cheaper. Since computer do not need to be paid, unlike humans. If they are employed, we will need to pay them.
Computer Modelling and Simulation.
Q: What are they?
A: They are application that are aimed to mimic real life systems, so we can see the different outcomes.
There are assorted types of simulators and modelling:
Flight Simulator
This simulator allows pilot(trainee) to practice flying in the sky, but on ground.
Advantage:
- Pilots will not risk their life, if an error occurred.
- If the plan crashed, no injuries are made, and the company doesn't need to pay to fix it.
Disadvantage:
- There are some circumstances that will happened in real life but not in the simulator, since it can't cover everything.
Driving Simulation
This simulator allows driver to experience what is it like to drive, virtually.
Advantage:
- They are likely to gain more confidence as they practice more.
- It's easy to setup.
- No injuries are made during the process, nor the car is literally broken.
Disadvantage:
- There are some circumstances that will happened in real life but not in the simulator, since it can't cover everything.
3-D Models
They are softwares that generate prototypes, are mostly used amongst architectures. They can generate a miniature model of a buildings and products.
Advantage:
- The prototype can be looked from any angle.
- It is cheaper, doesn't need to be made in real life.
- And it's definitely quicker, there's no need to wait for the process to finished.
- Feed backs can made easily.
- Changes can be applied easily.
Disadvantage:
- When making the prototype, it might differ from what it will be in real life.
Financial Models (Business spreadsheet mode)
Spreadsheet models can be used to predict finance type outcomes based on mathematical values.
Advantages:
- The prediction can show sorts of things: profit/loss/over budget/within budget
- This will reduce the risk of overspending and reduce profit.
Disadvantage:
- If there's a slight error, it could affect the whole system.
- When processing it in real life, it might not go as according the plan. Things are always changing.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Data Processing
Q: What is it ?
A: Data processing is when a raw data is input in a computer, it will then be analysed and become an useful information, it can be output and used.
For instance,
- sorting data
- Searching / querying data
- Converting data into another form
- and many more...
Types of processing
There are 3 different types of computer processing...
1. Batch Processing
Q: What is it?
A:
- it is a type of process that a number of [similar] tasks are collected [ batch ] and process by a computer all at once, than having them process them individually.
- When the collected task are input into the computer, it is done by a human. However, after that the computer takes over and finishes the processing without human intervention.
- When large number of task is processing, batch process can take a long time to perform.
- Batch Process is not suitable for tasks that are need to be processed right away.
- Batch Processing is used in the following areas:
- Producing bills
- Payroll
- Stock control
- Producing monthly credit card statement
- Producing bank cheques
- Marking multiple choice examination papers
Advantage:
- Jobs can be processed without a human present
- Long tasks can be left, overnight without having supervision by a human
Disadvantage:
- Batched jobs take a long time to perform
- Batching the input data to the system can be very long.
2. Online Processing
- This type of processing is where a user communicates directly with the computer system.
- When the change is made with the data, by the user. The system will automatically update and re-process. This will ensure that the system will contain an up-to-date information.
- Online Processing is used in the following areas:
- Booking system/ ticket reservations [ airlines, cinema...]
- ATM's [ recalculate how much money is left in the account]
- Purchasing items through internet
Advantages:
- Processing is carried out automatically with no need of supervision [ human]
Disadvantages:
- Needs security, prevent viruses and hacker from damaging .
3. Real-time Processing
- This type of processing is similar to online processing, since the computer system automatically updates its data when it is changed.
- The difference is that real-time processing often uses sensors rather than human input to collect data.
- It is often used with control systems.
- This type of processing is carried out immediately. Therefor the computer respond to input without any delays. [ control device ]
- Real-time processing is used in the following areas:
- Warning systems on aircraft
- Guiding missiles to their target [ update coordinate ]
- Automatic green houses
- Burglar alarms
- Alarm systems in harzardous zone
- Flood warning systems
Advantages:
- Can carry out jobs that humans are unable to...[ radiation etc.]
Disadvantages:
- Very exspensive to buy
- System failure can cost lives
dwn